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1. Designated National Authority (DNA)

   The designated national authority (DNA) is the body granted responsibility by a Party to authorise and approve participation in CDM projects. The CDM rules provide only limited guidance on the role of the DNA or the requirements for establishing a DNA. These issues are instead left to the Party to determine.

2. Designated Operational Entity (DOE)

   Designated operational entities (DOEs) are independent auditors that assess whether a potential project meets all the eligibility requirements of the CDM (validation) and whether the project has achieved greenhouse gas emission reductions (verification and certification). They are accredited by the CDM Executive Board and designated by the COP/MOP to perform these functions, according to their expertise. Usually, a DOE performs either validation or verification and certification, but the CDM Executive Board can give permission for the same DOE to perform all three tasks for the same project:

3. Determination

   The process of independent evaluation of a JI project by an Accredited Independent Entity whether the Project Design Document (PDD) fulfil all requirements to JI projects under Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol and the JI guidelines. Determinations of reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancements of anthropogenic removals by sinks pursuant to paragraph 37 of the JI guidelines are also referred to as verifications as for JI projects.

4. Determination and Verification Manual (DVM)

   Document being considered by the JISC (Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee), which would serve as a practical reference for independent entities operating under the JI mechanism.

5. Diagnostic Report

   Description and risk analysis of the project, accompanied by a one page Rationale summarising the overall findings of the analysis and the key risks.

6. Domestic Project

   In the JI context, project developed in the absence of another Annex 1 Party participant.

7. Double Counting

   Potential problem with JI projects in sectors covered by the EU ETS. See also JI reserve.

8. Downstream Cap

   A "downstream" cap and trade system is one in which where the entities emitting carbon dioxide are required to surrender allowances