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1. HFC-23 (Trifluoromethane)

   About 98% of HFC-23 emissions are created as a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22 and generally are vented to the atmosphere. HCFC-22 is used mostly as the refrigerant for stationary refrigeration and air conditioning.

2. Host Country

   A host country is the country where a JI or CDM project is physically located. A project has to be approved by the host country to receive CERs or ERUs.

3. Hot Air

   Also called paper credits, the term refers to carbon credits for emission reductions that occurred without any deliberate action. The prime example being the carbon credits arising under Kyoto in Russia and the Ukraine where the collapse of Soviet-era industry in the 1990s has seen emissions fall well below 1990 levels, the base year for reduction calculations, without the implementation of any climate-related measures.

4. Hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs

   One of the six greenhouse gases, controlled in the Kyoto Protocol. Are produced commercially and are largely used in refrigeration and insulating foam.