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1. Secondary Market

   The secondary market signifies the second transaction or trading of Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) related to CDM projects or Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) from JI projects.

2. Secondary Transaction

   A transaction where the seller is not the original owner (or issuer) of the carbon asset. A commonly used acronym for secondary CERs is "sCER."

3. Sectoral approaches

   Umbrella term that describes policies that aim to achieve emissions reductions from a sector of the economy, either through crediting mechanisms or some form of target. Such scaled-up policies or mechanisms are under discussion in international negotiations for use in a post-2012 global climate agreement.

4. Sinks

   The removal of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere through land management and forestry activities that may be subtracted from a country's allowable level of emissions.

5. Small scale CDM projects

   There is a simplified process for small scale CDM projects that will generate less emissions reductions. They are defined as: renewable energy projects under 15 MW, energy efficiency projects that reduce energy consumption by up to 60 GWh per year; or project activities which emit less than 60 kilotonnes CO2 equivalent per year.

6. Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI)

   The SBI meets at least twice a year to assess and review the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), by providing advice to the Conference of the Parties (COP) on national communications submitted by Parties, as well as financial and administrative matters.

7. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA)

   The SBSTA meets at least twice a year to provide advice to the Conference of the Parties (COP) on matters of science, technology and methodology, including guidelines for improving standards of national communications and emission inventories.

8. Sulfur Hexafloride or SF6

   One of six GHGs curbed under the Kyoto Protocol. It is mostly used in the heavy industry to insulate high-voltage equipment and assist in the manufacturing of cable-cooling systems.

9. Supplementarity

   The supplementarity principle is one of the main principles of the Kyoto Protocol. The concept is that internal abatement of emissions should take precedent before external participation in flexible mechanisms. These mechanisms include emissions trading, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI).